Egg-speriment

We have an empty Starbucks frappucino container, two hard boiled eggs, a piece of scratch paper, and matches. We are going to light the piece of scratch paper on fire and put it in the bottom of the container, then place the pealed boiled egg on top, then let the pressure difference suck the egg into the container.

The pressure difference slowly sucked the egg into the glass bottle, the pressure difference is caused by the heat increasing the size of the air in the jar when the flame was lit in their, then when you put the egg on top it shrinks the size of the air and sucks the egg in.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UXDngMcA5z8

How much does a cloud weigh?

How much does a cloud weigh?

The weight depends on how much water is in the atmosphere. If there is a lot of precipitation in the cloud, it will be heavier.

A pint of water weights 1 pound

Weather and Climate

Weather is the precipitation, temperature, and visibility that we see very day. Climate is how the weather is affecting the world and changing over time.

Took used to measure:

• Temperature - Thermometer    --- Different types of temperature scales
• Celsius
• Kelvin
• Fahrenheit 
• Humidity - Hygrometer & Sling Psychromator 
• Relative Humidity - how much water vapor is in the air at any given time for any temp.
• Absolute Humidity 
• Cloudiness - scool and globe.gov - cloud observations 
• Air moisture 
• Air pressure
• Air movement
• Air Pressure - barometer
• Wind Speed/Wind Direction - that little rooster on top of the barn --- Anemometer or a sock 
• Precipitation - Rain gauge 

Climate is weather over time.

Weather is a daily event.

The Earth's Crust

A slice of pizza is like the Earth because:

The crust of the pizza is the Earth's crust.

           There is a thin ocean crust

            And the thick continental crust

The sauce is the asthenosphere 

The cheese is the lithosphere

The toppings are the continental crust

 

Graham Cracker Crust

The Graham cracker is the Continents that are moving

The frosting is the land that is pushed up to make the mountains

It shows continental drift

Distribution of Water

The cities with the highest populations about 200 years ago were all located along the ocean. They were used as ports to import and export goods. Now we have much easier access to goods.

You can investigate different types of weathering by looking at tombstones since they are dated.

Two types of weathering:

         1. Mechanical

         2. Chemical

How much water is there and where is it distributed? If you had $100.

      I would think that $75 would go to the Oceans

      I would give $15 to Lakes

      I would give the remaining $9.75 to Rivers

      And finally, $0.25 to clouds

Actually Answers:

     $97.20 goes to the Oceans

     $2.15 goes to Glaciers

     $0.62 is in Ground Water

     $0.09 is Fresh Water Lakes

     $0.08 is Salt Water Lakes and Seas

     $0.07 is Variable

     $0.05 is Soil Moisture

      $0.01 is in the Atmosphere

I was pretty off with my estimations.

Models and Simulations

What is a model and how do you model a rock? Can you create the model of a rock?

A model is a way of representing something you can't normally see.
You can model a rock using different materials such as making a rock out of clay.
I could create a model of a rock with clay, paper, or other materials.

He gave us a lucky charms bar and we need to describe what this model is representing:

It is a model of a sedimentary rock because it shows bits and pieces glued together we call these bits and pieces plastics.

A metamorphic rock has very thin layers of banding (foliation)
      A model of a metamorphic rock would be a butterfinger.

The final type of rock is the igneous model
    A model of this is the sugar rock crystals that we made last week.

Rock Story

Once upon a time in a castle far far away there was a huge kingdom full of riches. There were also many evil people who lived in this kingdom. There was a handsome prince named Albert that lived in the castle. Albert wasn't like the others, he was full of love and passion. Everyone in the kingdom was envious of prince Albert and hated him for his beauty and wisdom. One day an evil witch decided she was going to put a spell on prince Albert. She thought there was no worse punishment than being turned into a rock. So she cast a spell turning prince Albert into a rock for all eternity. But if you look at the rock she turned him into, it has a silvery shine to it. Prince Albert's shinning personality shows through even as a rock.

Elements and Minerals

Minerals can be the pure element, like Gold, Silver or Copper, but most minerals are compounds of elements, like Quartz (SiO2), and Gypsum CaSO42H2O.

The most common mineral then is made up of the two most common elements, Oxygen and Silicon, SiO2. It’s a compound of the two elements and it’s name is Quartz (Silica).

Here is a list of the top 8 most common elements in minerals and their percentages:

                 

Oxygen	46.60%
Silicon	27.72%
Aluminum	8.13%
Iron	5.00%
Calcium	3.63%
Sodium	2.83%
Potassium	2.59%
Magnesium	2.09%

  

  

Crystal Lab

Salt and Water - Big crystals, this is why our cars rust in the Winter.

Corn Syrup, Sugar, and Water - Smaller crystals, sort of syrupy, not fully crystallized. It looks like the candy rock sticks you can buy at the store and eat. 

Salt, Water, and Blue Mixture all over Charcoal - We put the mixture on the charcoal last week and ours looks furry but other people used Salt, Water, Blue Mixture, and Ammonia and there's grew a lot more than ours did. They have large crystals that stick up a lot and ours sort of lays flat.  

This lab was used to show us how to make different crystal structures and help us to observe the process. Different ingredients added in different ways at different times completely change how the crystals are made.

After waiting another week, the crystals look very similar to they did last week.

Atomic Theory

Before learning anything in class, what I know about Atomic Theory:

Atom - Everything is composed of atoms
Proton - Positive
Neutron - neither positive or negative
Electron - Negative
Valance Shell - needs 8 electrons to be full
Ion - Positive or Negative Atoms
Isotope - different ways an element can be expressed
Atomic Mass/Weight - how much an element weighs
Shells - In order for bonding to occur, there needs to be 8 electrons
Bonding - can occur between two elements

Rockets

X = Length

Y = Distance/Height

What is the effect of X on Y?

          We found that the longer the rocket was, the greater the distance it went up.

We found the height by finding the angle, converting it into the tangent and then multiplying that by the length we were away from the launcher which was 10 meters.

The distance we came up with for our shorter rocket was 21.4 meters high.

The distance we came up with for our taller rocket was 27.4 meters high.

The control we used was the same number of fins on each rocket and we had the same amount of pressure used for each rocket.

Nebular Hypothesis

I do not know anything about the nebular hypothesis. We are watching a movie about it to learn what it is what what it means.

How do you spot a meteorite?
        - Some leave craters
        - There is metal in them -- that is how you can tell them from Earth's rocks
        - If you use a metal detector, it is much easier to find a meteorite.

The largest meteorite weighs about 60,000 tons and landed in Africa

Iron 60 is only created in a super nova
    - Scientists are looking for meteorites that have Iron 60

Some scientists think that the super nova was what created our solar system:
     - We started out as a cloud of gas
     - When the super nova hit the could it collapsed and condensed, this created our sun
     - It made stars then gravity pushed all gas and dust particles together
     - This eventually created our solar system
NOT a fully accepted hypothesis but it is quite possible.

http://planetfacts.org/supernova/

$100 Solar System

If I had $100 to give to each planet and he $100 dollars equals the mass, how much would each part of the solar system get?

The Sun would get = $99.85
Mercury = .003 cents
Venus = .004 cents
Earth = .0003 cents
Mars = .002 cents
Jupiter = 10.6  cents
Saturn = 3.2 cents
Uranus = .005 cents
Neptune = .006 cents
Belt of junk
Comets - on an orbit


The sun's mass is 99.85 percent of the entire solar system's mass.

Gas Giants - Jupiter, Saturn, and Uranus
Terrestrial Planets - Earth, Mercury, Venus and Mars

Dry Mix

Dry Mix - how variables are used in an experiment
          Variables = D & M
            - Dependent (manipulative) Y-Axis -- Size of the crater
            - Independent (responding) X-Axis -- Mass of the meteor

We found that the effect of the mass of the meteor on the size of the crater is the heavier the meteor is, the bigger the size of the crater it creates. The greater the force the bigger the impact.

We held the meteor 1 meter above the pile of flour (about 10 cm in diameter) and dropped it. We measured from the center of the crater to the farthest ray to find the size of the crater created.

If we had used an even bigger object our crater would be even bigger.
If we changed the acceleration the force of the impact would be greater.
If we increased the mass and kept the acceleration the same the force would increase.

A Private Universe

Despite a lifetime of the best education, many people still fail to understand basic concepts of the world. The topic of the seasons it taught to everyone in starting in elementary school.

1. The seasons are caused by the earth's orbital rotation away from the sun. As we rotate further away from the sun we have winter and as we get closer to the sun, we have summer.

• What really causes the seasons is the Earth's tilt, not the distance.

2. Indirect light is when the sun's rays are reflecting.
    Direct light is when the sun's rays are hitting the Earth directly.

• Indirect light- When the sun's rays are hitting the Earth at an angle.
• Direct light- When the suns' rays are hitting the Earth directly.

Earth Science Systems

Today we learned about positive feed back loops and negative feed back loops.We learned that in a negative feedback loop, nothing happens. In a positive feedback loop, something will happen, something is being fed back into the system. In our positive feedback loop we showed how each system effected and effects the Earthquake. We talked about the lithosphere, atmosphere, biosphere, and the hydrosphere and made a poster to represent how these four spheres are effected and can effect the earthquake that occurred in China on Friday. This is the poster we created:

Penny Observation Lab

Observations:

1. Round
2. Worth 1 cent
3. Varies in years
4. Different sides 
1. One has a head
2. The other has a building
5. Abraham Lincoln is on the penny
6. He is looking right.
7. There are 98 of them
8. 1962 penny weighs 3.15 grams
9. 2007 penny weighs 2.5 grams
10. 1.90 cm diameter
11. 1.00 cm width
12. Copper color
13. 1982 weighs 3.0 grams and 1983 weighs 2.5 grams
14. 1989 weighs 2.6 grams
15. 1967 weighs 3.2 grams
16. The mass of the penny changed in the early 80's.

We found out in the early 80's pennies were changed from being made of copper to being made of zinc

When did pennies change from copper to zinc? 

Answer here: .http://www.usmint.gov/about_the_mint/fun_facts/?action=fun_facts2

Blood Alcohol Lab

My Answer:
1. a. The value that I would use to report to the court would be the average of the five values. To do this I would add all of the values given then divide it by five. The number I would report to the court would be 0.11. 
    b. I think five trained individuals would come up with different answers because they could have taken the blood alcohol reading at different times. It could also be different if they used different ways to test the alcohol levels such as a breathalyzer or a blood sample. 
Group Answer:
1. a. The value we would choose to report to the court would be 0.11, we both decided the best method would be to take the average of the five. 
    b. In our group discussion we came to the same conclusion, it was probably due to different times the test was taken or different tests being used. They also could have had two different types of machines and one possible worked better than the other. The machine could have been wrong. The experience of the student reading the test could alter the results.Human error could also be a factor. The numbers they gave us might not have been very accurate or very precise. 

I have a sheet of paper and the cylinder folded the long way holds more volume. 
The actual answer is the cylinder to be folded the short way.